The Miracle with a Dark Side: Korean Economic Development under Park Chung-hee
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چکیده
South Korea came into being as the result of the partition of what had been, prior to the early twentieth century, the ancient kingdom of Chosun.1 This partition into a communist North and a noncommunist South occurred shortly after the defeat of Japan in World War II in late 1945. Korea had been involuntarily absorbed into Japan in 1910, following more than a decade of Japanese domination after the slow collapse of the longlasting but static Yi dynasty of Chosun. This dynasty had ruled Korea for more than half a millennium, from 1392 until 1910, but to a large extent as a vassal of Chinese rulers, first to the Ming dynasty and later to the Qing dynasty. From 1910 until 1945, Korea was effectively a colony of Japan. During this period, though some might argue that Japan helped to lay the foundations for future Korean economic development, many Koreans experienced absolute declines in standard of living; and almost all detested the Japanese dominance (Mason et al. 1980). During the 1930s, as the Korean people and Korean resources were increasingly mobilized to serve Japanese war preparations, this detestation deepened. Thus, the
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